SKot: A web-based Structured Code Editor for introductory programming in Kotlin

The use of Structured Code Editors such as Scratch for introduction to programing, especially at a younger age is prevalent in modern education systems. Transitioning to text-based editors sometimes proves to be challenging for beginners especially when it comes to learning the syntax of a modern language. This work goes into the research on Structured Code Editors and delves into the implementation of a Projectional Editor that presents the code to the user as it would appear in a text-based editor in a modern programing language such as Kotlin, while preserving syntactical correctness during edits. A web-based editor, named SKot for Structured Kotlin was implemented using JavaScript (JSON, React and Redux). A technique for implementing the Projectional Editor using these technologies is described in detail. Then, SKot is compared to other modern code editors and further work is proposed to improve it.O uso de Editores Estruturados de Código como o Scratch para introdução à programação, especialmente em idades mais jovens, é prevalente nos sistemas de educação modernos. A transição para editores de código baseados em texto pode ser desafiante para iniciantes, principalmente no que diz respeito à aprendizagem da sintaxe de uma linguagem moderna. Este trabalho explora a investigação atual sobre Editores Estruturados de Código e explica a implementação de um Editor Projecional que apresenta o código ao utilizador com a mesma aparência que teria num editor de texto numa linguagem de programação moderna, como Kotlin, enquanto preserva a correção sintática durante edições. Um editor no web browser, chamado SKot (Structured Kotlin), foi implementado usando JavaScript (JSON, React e Redux). Uma técnica para implementar o Editor Projecional usando estas tecnologias é descrita em detalhe. Por fim, o SKot é comparado com outros editores de código modernos e descreve-se trabalho futuro relativo a melhoramentos no mesmo

Estudo comparativo das castas tintas nobres do Dão: Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Tinta Roriz e Alfrocheiro

Dissertação de Mestrado em Qualidade e Tecnologia AlimentarOs vinhos DOC (Denominação de Origem Controlada)Dão, são reconhecidos pelos consumidores e pela crítica, como vinhos de excelência, fruto da sua tipicidade e qualidade invulgares. Sendo as castas nobres do Dão a Touriga Nacional, o Jaen, a Tinta Roriz e o Alfrocheiro considerámos pertinente o estudo das características sensoriais e físico-químicas de vinhos monocasta produzidos a partir das referidas castas da Região Demarcada do Dão (RDD). Para prossecução desse objectivo dividiu-se o presente trabalho em duas partes distintas. Numa primeira parte foi realizado um levantamento dos dados documentados existentes referentes à região, nomeadamente sobre os vestígios históricos da produção de vinho na RDD; referindo-se ainda em detalhe a criação da Região Demarcada do Dão (origens, regulamentação, demarcação), é feita de igual modo uma caracterização do seu património vitícola, a evolução, regulamentação e caracterização das castas aptas à produção de 'Dão Nobre', bem como os principais estudos encontrados sobre a caracterização dos vinhos produzidos na Região Demarcada do Dão entre 1953 a 2012. A segunda parte da dissertação é constituída pelo trabalho experimental, nela se caracteriza o material em estudo (vinhos tintos mono-castas colheita de 2010 Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Tinta Roriz e Alfrocheiro Preto), referem-se as metodologias utilizadas na análise sensorial e físico-química, os resultados obtidos e as principais conclusões. Para os parâmetros sensoriais e físico-químicos avaliados os resultados obtidos evidenciaram uma clara inferioridade dos vinhos produzidos a partir da casta Alfrocheiro. Relativamente aos vinhos de Jaen e Tinta Roriz apresentam características muito semelhantes entre si e não mostraraam, para a maior parte dos parâmetros avaliados, diferenças estatísticamente significativas quando comparados com os Touriga Nacional. Foram os vinhos produzidos a partir da Touriga Nacional os que se destacaram em todas as análises efetuadas. Os resultados obtidos quer ao nível da prova sensorial quer nas análises físico-químicas permitem-nos afirmar que a Touriga Nacional, o Jaen e a Tinta Roriz são castas bem adaptadas a condições edafo-climáticas da RDD, com capacidade de ao nível mono-varietal originar vinhos de qualidade e levantam alguma discussão sobre a denominação nobre para a casta Alfrocheiro.ABSTRACT:The wines DOC (Denomination of Controlled Origin) Dão have been recognized by consumers and critics as excellent wines. This results of their unusual characteristics and quality. The species Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Tinta Roriz and Alfrocheiro are the noble varieties demarcated region of Dão (RDD). Thus we considered relevant the study of sensory characteristics and physicochemical properties of single variety wines produced from the grapes of those noble species. In order to achieve that purpose we divided the present work into two distinct parts. In the first part we review the historical traces of wine production in RDD. We detailed the creation of the demarcated region of Dão (origins, regulation, demarcation), as well as the description vineyard tradition, evolution, regulation. We also detailed the different vineard varieties suitable for the production of "Dão Nobre", as well as the major studies found on the characterization of wines produced in the RDD between the end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century. The second part of the present work describe the experimental work. A presentation of the material and methods used, the obtained results and the discussion of those results. Finally the conclusion and the major findings of the work. For the physical chemical and sensory parameters evaluated results showed a clear inferiority of the wines produced from the grape variety Alfrocheiro. The wines Jaen and Tinta Roriz have very similar characteristics and do not shown statiscally significant differences, when compared with Touriga Nacional. The wines produced from Touriga Nacional have excelled in every analysis. The obtained results in sensorial and in the physicochemical analyzes allow to affirm that the Touriga Nacional, Jaen and Tinta Roriz are vineyards well adapted to soil and climate conditions of the RDD and with ability to produce excellent 'noble' mono-varietal wine. The inclusion of the Alfrocheiro as noble variety deserves further discussion

Inundações no município do Porto em janeiro de 2023: avaliação baseada numa revisão de literatura

Neste trabalho, foram analisadas as inundações ocorridas no Porto - Portugal em 7 de janeiro de 2023, que resultaram em um intenso escoamento superficial devido à forte precipitação. Para entender melhor as causas dessas inundações, realizamos uma revisão da literatura. Através de pesquisas em plataformas Google Scholar e Science Direct, identificamos 14 referências relevantes, incluindo artigos científicos e dissertações de mestrado, que abordam estratégias de mitigação e prevenção de inundações urbanas. Essas estratégias envolvem melhorias na infraestrutura de drenagem, planejamento urbano sustentável, sistemas de alerta precoce e conscientização pública sobre os riscos. No dia 7 de janeiro de 2023, a cidade enfrentou uma série de inundações que resultaram em danos materiais significativos. As áreas mais afetadas incluíram não apenas a rua Mouzinho da Silveira, mas também a rua Barão de Forrester e a rua dos Clérigos. Essas regiões foram particularmente atingidas pelo avanço das águas, causando danos consideráveis e prolongando os efeitos das inundações na cidade. As estratégias propostas, como a limpeza dos detritos das obras do metro, estudos hidrológicos e melhorias nas infraestruturas e sistemas de drenagem, podem ajudar a prevenir inundações futuras. Também é importante conscientizar a população sobre o risco de inundações e promover a participação de todos na definição e implementação das estratégias. Conclui-se que a implementação integrada dessas estratégias pode fortalecer a resiliência do Porto às inundações, minimizando danos materiais e riscos à segurança.In this work, we analyzed the floods that occurred in Porto - Portugal on January 7, 2023, which resulted in intense surface runoff due to heavy precipitation.To better understand the causes of these floods, we conducted a literature review. Through searches on Google Scholar and Science Direct platforms, we identified 14 relevant references, including scientific articles and master theses, that address mitigation and prevention strategies for urban flooding. These strategies involve improvements in drainage infrastructure, sustainable urban planning, early warning systems and public awareness of the risks. On January 7, 2023, the city faced a series of floods that resulted in significant material damage. The most affected areas included not only Mouzinho da Silveira Street but also Barão de Forrester Street and Cl�\xA9rigos Street. These regions were particularly impacted by the advancing waters, causing considerable damage and prolonging the effects of the floods in the city. The proposed strategies, such as cleaning debris from the metro works, hydrological studies and improvements in infrastructure and drainage systems, can help prevent future flooding. It is also important to make the population aware of the risk of flooding and to promote everyone's participation in defining and implementing the strategies. It is concluded that the integrated implementation of these strategies can strengthen the Porto's resilience to flooding, minimizing material damage and safety risks. The adaptation of these strategies to local characteristics and the collaboration between government authorities, urban planning experts and local communities are essential to address the challenges and promote effective flood management in Porto

INUNDAÇÕES NO MUNICÍPIO DO PORTO EM JANEIRO DE 2023 : AVALIAÇÃO BASEADA NUMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

In this work, we analyzed the floods that occurred in Porto - Portugal on January 7, 2023, which resulted in intense surface runoff due to heavy precipitation.To better understand the causes of these floods, we conducted a literature review. Through searches on Google Scholar and Science Direct platforms, we identified 14 relevant references, including scientific articles and master theses, that address mitigation and prevention strategies for urban flooding. These strategies involve improvements in drainage infrastructure, sustainable urban planning, early warning systems and public awareness of the risks. On January 7, 2023, the city faced a series of floods that resulted in significant material damage. The most affected areas included not only Mouzinho da Silveira Street but also Barão de Forrester Street and Clérigos Street. These regions were particularly impacted by the advancing waters, causing considerable damage and prolonging the effects of the floods in the city. The proposed strategies, such as cleaning debris from the metro works, hydrological studies and improvements in infrastructure and drainage systems, can help prevent future flooding. It is also important to make the population aware of the risk of flooding and to promote everyone's participation in defining and implementing the strategies. It is concluded that the integrated implementation of these strategies can strengthen Porto's resilience to flooding, minimizing material damage and safety risks. The adaptation of these strategies to local characteristics and the collaboration between government authorities, urban planning experts and local communities are essential to address the challenges and promote effective flood management in Porto.En este estudio, se analizaron las inundaciones que ocurrieron en Oporto - Portugal el 7 de enero de 2023, las cuales resultaron en un intenso escurrimiento superficial debido a fuertes precipitaciones. Para entender mejor las causas de estas inundaciones, se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura. A través de investigaciones en las plataformas Google Scholar y Science Direct, identificamos 14 referencias relevantes, incluyendo artículos científicos y tesis de maestría, que abordan estrategias de mitigación y prevención de inundaciones urbanas. Estas estrategias incluyen mejoras en la infraestructura de drenaje, planificación urbana sostenible, sistemas de alerta temprana y concientización pública sobre los riesgos. El 7 de enero de 2023, la ciudad enfrentó una serie de inundaciones que resultaron en daños materiales significativos. Las áreas más afectadas incluyeron no solo la calle Mouzinho da Silveira, sino también la calle Barão de Forrester y la calle dos Clérigos. Estas regiones fueron particularmente afectadas por el avance de las aguas, causando daños considerables y prolongando los efectos de las inundaciones en la ciudad. Las estrategias propuestas, como la limpieza de escombros de las obras del metro, estudios hidrológicos y mejoras en la infraestructura y sistemas de drenaje, pueden ayudar a prevenir futuras inundaciones. También es importante concientizar a la población sobre el riesgo de inundaciones y promover la participación de todos en la definición e implementación de las estrategias. Se concluye que la implementación integrada de estas estrategias puede fortalecer la resiliencia de Oporto ante inundaciones, minimizando daños materiales y riesgos para la seguridad.Neste trabalho, foram analisadas as inundações ocorridas no Porto - Portugal em 7 de janeiro de 2023, que resultaram em um intenso escoamento superficial devido à forte precipitação. Para entender melhor as causas dessas inundações, realizamos uma revisão da literatura. Através de pesquisas em plataformas Google Scholar e Science Direct, identificamos 14 referências relevantes, incluindo artigos científicos e dissertações de mestrado, que abordam estratégias de mitigação e prevenção de inundações urbanas. Essas estratégias envolvem melhorias na infraestrutura de drenagem, planejamento urbano sustentável, sistemas de alerta precoce e conscientização pública sobre os riscos. No dia 7 de janeiro de 2023, a cidade enfrentou uma série de inundações que resultaram em danos materiais significativos. As áreas mais afetadas incluíram não apenas a rua Mouzinho da Silveira, mas também a rua Barão de Forrester e a rua dos Clérigos. Essas regiões foram particularmente atingidas pelo avanço das águas, causando danos consideráveis e prolongando os efeitos das inundações na cidade. As estratégias propostas, como a limpeza dos detritos das obras do metro, estudos hidrológicos e melhorias nas infraestruturas e sistemas de drenagem, podem ajudar a prevenir inundações futuras. Também é importante conscientizar a população sobre o risco de inundações e promover a participação de todos na definição e implementação das estratégias. Conclui-se que a implementação integrada dessas estratégias pode fortalecer a resiliência do Porto às inundações, minimizando danos materiais e riscos à segurança

A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out

Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC; (ii) Assessment of MC; (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC; (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC; (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the worl

Osteochondral transplantation using autografts from the upper tibio-fibular joint for the treatment of knee cartilage lesions

Purpose Treatment of large cartilage lesions of the knee in weight-bearing areas is still a controversy and challenging topic. Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty has proven to be a valid option for treatment but donor site morbidity with most frequently used autografts remains a source of concern. This study aims to assess clinical results and safety profile of autologous osteochondral graft from the upper tibio-fibular joint applied to reconstruct symptomatic osteochondral lesions of the knee. Methods Thirty-one patients (22 men and 9 women) with grade 4 cartilage lesions in the knee were operated by mosaicplasty technique using autologous osteochondral graft from the upper tibio-fibular joint, between 1998 and 2006. Clinical assessment included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and Lysholm score. All patients were evaluated by MRI pre- and post-operatively regarding joint congruency as good, fair (inferior to 1 mm incongruence), and poor (incongruence higher than 1 mm registered in any frame). Donor zone status was evaluated according to specific protocol considering upper tibio-fibular joint instability, pain, neurological complications, lateral collateral ligament insufficiency, or ankle complaints. Results Mean age at surgery was 30.1 years (SD 12.2). In respect to lesion sites, 22 were located in weight-bearing area of medial femoral condyle, 7 in lateral femoral condyle, 1 in trochlea, and 1 in patella. Mean follow-up was 110.1 months (SD 23.2). Mean area of lesion was 3.3 cm 2 (SD 1.7), and a variable number of cylinders were used, mean 2.5 (SD 1.3). Mean VAS score improved from 47.1 (SD 10.1) to 20.0 (SD 11.5); p = 0.00. Similarly, mean Lysholm score increased from 45.7 (SD 4.5) to 85.3 (SD 7.0); p = 0.00. The level of patient satisfaction was evaluated, and 28 patients declared to be satisfied/very satisfied and would do surgery again, while 3 declared as unsatisfied with the procedure and would not submit to surgery again. These three patients had lower clinical scores and kept complaints related to the original problem but unrelated to donor zone. MRI score significantly improved at 18–24 months comparing with pre-operative (p = 0.004). No radiographic or clinical complications related to donor zone with implication in activity were registered. Conclusions This work corroborates that mosaicplasty technique using autologous osteochondral graft from the upper tibio-fibular joint is effective to treat osteochondral defects in the knee joint. No relevant complications related to donor zone were registered

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Coadministration of the Three Antigenic Leishmania infantum Poly (A) Binding Proteins as a DNA Vaccine Induces Protection against Leishmania major Infection in BALB/c Mice

Highly conserved intracellular proteins from Leishmania have been described as antigens in natural and experimental infected mammals. The present study aimed to evaluate the antigenicity and prophylactic properties of the Leishmania infantum Poly (A) binding proteins (LiPABPs). Three different members of the LiPABP family have been described. Recombinant tools based on these proteins were constructed: recombinant proteins and DNA vaccines. The three recombinant proteins were employed for coating ELISA plates. Sera from human and canine patients of visceral leishmaniasis and human patients of mucosal leishmaniasis recognized the three LiPABPs. In addition, the protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine based on the combination of the three Leishmania PABPs has been tested in a model of progressive murine leishmaniasis: BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. The induction of a Th1-like response against the LiPABP family by genetic vaccination was able to down-regulate the IL-10 predominant responses elicited by parasite LiPABPs after infection in this murine model. This modulation resulted in a partial protection against L. major infection. LiPABP vaccinated mice showed a reduction on the pathology that was accompanied by a decrease in parasite burdens, in antibody titers against Leishmania antigens and in the IL-4 and IL-10 parasite-specific mediated responses in comparison to control mice groups immunized with saline or with the non-recombinant plasmid. The results presented here demonstrate for the first time the prophylactic properties of a new family of Leishmania antigenic intracellular proteins, the LiPABPs. The redirection of the immune response elicited against the LiPABP family (from IL-10 towards IFN-γ mediated responses) by genetic vaccination was able to induce a partial protection against the development of the disease in a highly susceptible murine model of leishmaniasisThe study was supported in Spain by grants from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación FIS PI11/00095 and FISPI14/00366 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III within the Network of TropicalDiseases Research (VI P I+D+I 2008-2011, ISCIII -Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa (RD12/0018/0009)). This work was also supported in Brazil by a grant from CNPq (Ciencia sem Fronteiras-PVE 300174/2014-4). A CBMSO institutional grant from Fundación Ramón Areces is also acknowledged. EAFC is a grant recipient of CNPq. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscrip

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications